Empowering The Elderly: Integrating Zakat into Long-Term Care in Malaysia

Abstract

Malaysia’s rapid transition into an ageing nation poses significant challenges to existing social security frameworks, particularly for the B40 group (Bottom 40% of households by income in Malaysia) and destitute elderly who lack adequate family support. Current welfare provisions often leave vulnerable senior citizens with insufficient resources for long-term care. This study explores the potential of integrating Zakat into long-term care as a sustainable funding mechanism to bridge these welfare gaps. It aims to establish the Shari’ah legitimacy and operational feasibility of using Islamic social finance to enhance elderly care. Employing a qualitative library-based research design, this paper systematically analyzes academic literature, statutory documents (such as the Care Centres Act 1993), and official publications from Malaysian state Islamic religious councils including Lembaga Zakat Selangor and MAIWP. The research validates a “Hybrid Financing Model” that synergizes Waqf for capital expenditure (CAPEX), such as infrastructure, and Zakat for operational expenditure (OPEX). This model ensures Shari’ah compliance regarding Tamlik (ownership transfer) while leveraging Maqasid al-Shari’ah principles to preserve the life (hifz al-nafs) and dignity (hifz al-’ird) of the elderly. Findings confirm that senior citizens qualify for support under Fakir, Miskin, and Gharimin categories. The study concludes that successful implementation requires rigorous governance, specifically the “ring-fencing” of funds and strict adherence to the Care Centres Act 1993 (Act 506).